the aim of the present study was to find the best or optimum topology of six chicken populations, which were genotyped based on nine highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. to reach this goal, different genetic distances based on infinite allele model (iam), stepwise mutation model (smm) and drawing phylogentic trees on un-weighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages (upgma) method w...

hepatitis delta virus (hdv) is a degenerate rna virus or virusoid and a satellite of hepatitis b virus (hbv). three distinct genotypes are described for hdv; genotype i is distributed worldwide but other genotypes appear to be more restricted geographically. in the present study, an rt-nested pcr method was set up to detect delta infection from serum samples. moreover, the target amplified sequ...

four saudi arabian indigenous sheep populations including najdi, hbsi, arb, and naemi were genotyped for 16 microsatellite markers recommended by the food and agriculture organization (fao). this study aims to provide information on the genetic structure of the breeds analyzed and give indications and proposals for the cross breeding program. all loci were polymorphic in all populations and loc...

aspergillus fumigatus is a saprophyte fungus, widely spread in a variety of ecologicalniches and the most prevalent aspergilli responsible for human and animal invasiveaspergillosis. the first step to develop novel and efficient therapies is the identificationand understanding of the key tolerance and virulence factors of pathogens. the mainfocus of the present study is to perform the similarit...

results slow and fast-growing groups of the mycobacterium strains were clearly differentiated based on the constructed tree of 56 common mycobacterium isolates. each species with a unique title in the tree was identified; in total, 13 nods with a bootstrap value of over 50% were supported. among the slow-growing group was mycobacterium kansasii, with m. tuberculosis in a cluster with a bootstra...

barley belongs to the poaceae which is the largest monocotyledon family. plastid single-copy gene acetyl-coa carboxylase (accase) is the first step in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and therefore, it is used to study the phylogenetic relationships, evolutionary and systematic of grasses. in this study, for the first time, phylogenetic relationship of eight species of hordeum genus from iran in...

Throughout the last decade, we have seen much progress towards characterising and computing the minimum hybridisation number for a set P of rooted phylogenetic trees. Roughly speaking, this minimum quantifies the number of hybridisation events needed to explain a set of phylogenetic trees by simultaneously embedding them into a phylogenetic network. From a mathematical viewpoint, the notion of ...